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SquaredExponential

src.geostat.kernel.SquaredExponential

Bases: Kernel

SquaredExponential kernel class for Gaussian Processes (GPs).

The SquaredExponential class defines a widely used kernel that models smooth and continuous covariance structures. It is parameterized by a sill (variance) and a range (length scale) and can optionally use a metric for scaling.

Parameters:

  • sill (float or Variable) –

    The variance (sill) of the kernel, representing the maximum covariance value.

  • range (float or Variable) –

    The length scale parameter that controls how quickly the covariance decreases with distance.

  • scale (optional, default: None ) –

    An optional scale parameter that can be used to modify the metric. Default is None.

  • metric (optional, default: None ) –

    An optional metric used for distance calculation. Default is None.

Examples:

Creating and using a SquaredExponential kernel:

from geostat.kernel import SquaredExponential

# Create a SquaredExponential kernel with a sill of 1.0 and a range of 2.0
sq_exp_kernel = SquaredExponential(sill=1.0, range=2.0)

locs1 = np.array([[0.0], [1.0], [2.0]])
locs2 = np.array([[0.0], [1.0], [2.0]])
covariance_matrix = sq_exp_kernel({'locs1': locs1, 'locs2': locs2, 'sill': 1.0, 'range': 2.0})

Notes:

  • The call method computes the covariance matrix using the squared exponential formula: \( C(x, x') = \text{sill} \cdot \exp\left(-0.5 \frac{d^2}{\text{range}^2}\right) \), where \(d^2\) is the squared distance between locs1 and locs2.
  • The vars method returns the parameter dictionary for both sill and range using the ppp function.
  • This kernel is appropriate for modeling smooth, continuous processes with no abrupt changes.
Source code in src/geostat/kernel.py
class SquaredExponential(Kernel):
    """
    SquaredExponential kernel class for Gaussian Processes (GPs).

    The `SquaredExponential` class defines a widely used kernel that models smooth and continuous 
    covariance structures. It is parameterized by a sill (variance) and a range (length scale) 
    and can optionally use a metric for scaling.

    Parameters:
        sill (float or tf.Variable):
            The variance (sill) of the kernel, representing the maximum covariance value.
        range (float or tf.Variable):
            The length scale parameter that controls how quickly the covariance decreases 
            with distance.
        scale (optional):
            An optional scale parameter that can be used to modify the metric. Default is None.
        metric (optional):
            An optional metric used for distance calculation. Default is None.

    Examples:
        Creating and using a `SquaredExponential` kernel:

        ```python
        from geostat.kernel import SquaredExponential

        # Create a SquaredExponential kernel with a sill of 1.0 and a range of 2.0
        sq_exp_kernel = SquaredExponential(sill=1.0, range=2.0)

        locs1 = np.array([[0.0], [1.0], [2.0]])
        locs2 = np.array([[0.0], [1.0], [2.0]])
        covariance_matrix = sq_exp_kernel({'locs1': locs1, 'locs2': locs2, 'sill': 1.0, 'range': 2.0})
        ```

    Examples: Notes:
        - The `call` method computes the covariance matrix using the squared exponential formula:
            \\( C(x, x') = \\text{sill} \cdot \exp\left(-0.5 \\frac{d^2}{\\text{range}^2}\\right) \\),
            where \\(d^2\\) is the squared distance between `locs1` and `locs2`.
        - The `vars` method returns the parameter dictionary for both `sill` and `range` using the `ppp` function.
        - This kernel is appropriate for modeling smooth, continuous processes with no abrupt changes.
    """

    def __init__(self, sill, range, scale=None, metric=None):
        fa = dict(sill=sill, range=range)
        autoinputs = scale_to_metric(scale, metric)
        super().__init__(fa, dict(d2=autoinputs))

    def vars(self):
        return ppp(self.fa['sill']) | ppp(self.fa['range'])

    def call(self, e):
        return e['sill'] * tf.exp(-0.5 * e['d2'] / tf.square(e['range']))